Yr+8+Chemical+Change

2. Time For Some Changes 3. Chemical Reactions 4. Fast & Slow Reactions 5. Rusting out 6. Burning Is A Chemical Reaction 7. A New Breed Of Materials |||||||||| Physical properties, ductile, malleable, elasticity, Chemical properties, flammability, reactivity, toxicity, chemical change, evaporate, physical change, reactants, products, explosion, reaction rate, catalyst, enzyme, rusting, corrosion, galvanising, oxidation, burning, combustion, plastics, natural fibres, nylon, polyester, spinneret, biodegradable. |||||| NAME: ||  || **// Understanding //** |||||||| **// ACTIVITIES //** **// Established Extending //** ||   || 8.1 Checking Out Properties (not Discuss & Explain) page 251 8.2 A Burning Candle page 252
 * Year 8 //__CHEMICAL CHANGE__// ****//__–__//****//__ Chapter 8 __//**
 * ** Key Concepts ** |||| ** Words To Learn ** ||  ||||||   ||||||   ||
 * 1. Patterns, Order & Organisation
 * || ** Science Quest 8 **
 * // TEXTBOOK //** |||| **// PRACTICALS / ACTIVITIES //** |||||| ** SCIENCE Quest 8 **
 * 1 || ** 8.1 Patterns, Order & Organisation **
 * 8.2 Time for Some Changes ** |||| Suggestions:
 * AssessOn Ch 8 Pretest **

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3jyupa |||||| Understanding & Inquiring page 251 Q’s 1, 3, 4, 5 page 253 Q’s 1 – 8 |||||| Understanding & Inquiring page 251 Q’s 6 - 8 page 253 Q 9 || Do item 3. Discuss & Explain on page 251 ||  || 8.4 Heating copper carbonate page 255 8.5 Sodium sulfate & barium chloride page 255 8.6 Steel wool in copper sulfate page 255 |||||| Understanding & Inquiring page 256 Q’s 1, 2 |||||| Understanding & Inquiring page 256 Q’s 4 & 5 || Understanding & Inquiring page 256 Q’s 6 & 7 ||  || || ** 8.4 Fast & Slow Reactions ** |||| 8.7 The effect of temperature on the rate of reaction page 258 8.8 Changing the rate of reaction page 259 (Check out ** Jacplus Searchlight ID: **** [|int-0230] ) ** |||||| Understanding & Inquiring page 259 Q’s 1 - 6 |||||| Understanding & Inquiring page 259 Q’s 7 - 9 || Understanding & Inquiring page 259 Q 11 ||  || eBook Plus – How Rust Works (WS8.6)
 * 2 || ** 8.3 Chemical Reactions ** |||| 8.3 Magnesium metal in hydrochloric acid page 255
 * ^  ||^   ||||^   |||||||||||||| **// * __CREATE__ – page 256 do Question 9 and present your findings to the class //** ||   ||
 * 3
 * 4 || ** 8.5 Rusting Out ** |||| 8.9 Observing Rusting page 260

Optional: 8.11 Rusting & Salt Water page 262 |||||| Understanding & Inquiring page 262 Q’s 1 - 4 |||||| Understanding & Inquiring page 262 Q’s 5 - 8 || Understanding & Inquiring page 262 Q 10 ||  || Check out: Youtube Combustion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKtaCFs3xcI |||||| Understanding & Inquiring page 264 Q’s 1 – 7 |||||| Understanding & Inquiring page 264 Q’s 8 – 9, 12 ||  ||   || page 268 Q’s 1 – 12 |||||| Understanding & Inquiring page 268 Q’s 13 - 21 ||  ||   ||
 * 5 || ** 8.6 Burning Is a Chemical Reaction ** |||| 8.12 Burning magnesium page 264
 * ^  ||^   ||||^   |||||||||||||| **// * __INVESTIGATE__ – Research the fuels used in rockets and explain their reactions, usefulness and dangers. Present your findings to the class //** ||   ||
 * 6 || ** 8.7 A New Breed of Materials ** |||| 8.14 Putting fibres to the test page 266 |||||| Understanding & Inquiring
 * ^  ||^   ||||^   |||||||||||||| **// * __IMAGINE__ – page 268 do Question 22 (check out //****// Jacplus Searchlight ID //****// : //****//  [|eles-0859] ) //**
 * // * __RECYCLING__ – page 272 do Question 13 //** ||  ||
 * 7 || ** Revision & Test ** |||||||||||||||||| ** AssessOn Ch 8 Progress and Topic Test ** and written test. ||   ||

=Class notes= =type of physical properties= maleability ductility elasticity opacity - transparent, opaque, translucent, reflective colour shiny or dull size shape texture hard or soft squishy solid liquid or gas

=Candle observations= 1.

=Rates of reaction= Expt 8.7 1. observe the reaction between HCl and Marble chip. Record your observation in the results table 2.gently heat the testtube containing acid and marble chip. observe and record results
 * Aim**: To observe the effect of temperature on a reaction
 * Method**

Observation table
 * Results**
 * Step 1 || Acid and marble chip at room temp || I observed

on a scale of 1 to 5 this reaction was a ||
 * Step 2 || Acid and marble chip at a higher temp || I observed

on scale of 1 to 5 this reaction was a || Complete the questions 1. what indicated that a reaction was occurring?
 * Discussion**
 * Discussion**

2. how did this indication change when you heated the solution?

3. how does heat affect the rate of the reaction


 * Conclusion**:

Effect of temperature. Increasing the temperature increases the rate of reaction because the particles involved in the reaction are moving faster and bump into each other more often. This speeds up the reaction

Effect of concentration Increasing the concentration increases the amount of particles in the slution available to take part in the reaction. so the reaction rate increases

Effect of surface area By increasing the surface area - having a powder instead of a lump this increases the amount of places the reaction can take place. This increases the reaction rate.

//__**complete question 1 to 9 p273**__//

=Rusting= Rusting is a form of combustion. This is where oxygen and water combine with iron. This is a slow reaction that may take 100 years to complete. Rust Investigation 8.9 Set up the equipment and draw a clear well labelled diagram to describe the apparatus used in this investigation. Diagram See board After 4 days the rusting looked like this Diagram
 * Results**

After 6 days (wednesday lesson) the rusting looked like this and the water level was here. (leave some space to do this diagram)

(leave 4 lines for some writing and a chemical equation) Oxygen gas in the air inside the beaker has been converted to rust and has moved out of the air in the beaker. This means the water level inside the beaker has risen ( because oxygen has been taken out). =Combustion Reactions= Combustion reactions Are reactions where things are burnt in oxygen. We give them a special name - oxidation reactions. When an element combines with oxygen we say it has been oxidised. This can happen quickly or slowly.
 * Conclusion**

An example of a slow oxidation reaction is rusting - here oxygen combines with iron to form iron oxide.

An example of a fast oxidation reaction is burning gas to heat water on the stove. Here we are burning propane to form carbon dioxide and water.

A general equation for this reaction is (fossil fuel containing carbon) Fuel + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide and water

Fruit + oxygen -> water and Carbon dioxide wood + oxygen > water + carbon dioxide
 * 1) What is a fossil fuel? List three examples of fossil fuels- __Remains of past living organism - eg coal, gas , oil__
 * 2) List and describe three examples of useful oxidation reactions. - __fuel,, heating, decomposition of food,__
 * 3) Write a word equation for each of the three examples listed in question petrol + oxygen > water + carbon dioxide + heat


 * __Questions 1 to 8 p 276__**

=**A new breed of materials**=
 * Plastics are synthetic ie they are manufactured and do not occur naturally. Plastics have only been around for 100 years. They are the product of combining C, H, O as molecules in a repeating pattern**


 * Fibres**
 * Natural fibres are found in nature. Egs. linen from flax plants, cotton, wool, silk from silk worms. We often spin these fibres to produce a regular thickness as a thread that can then be woven.**


 * Synthetic fibres are useful because they long lasting, easy care, light, hold their colour. Egs include polyester, nylon, spandex. These fabrics are made by heating the plastic and pushing it through a spinneret to make a thread. it is then woven to make the fabric.**


 * Blended fabrics are made of a combination of natural fibres and synthetic fibres to make a fabric with the properties we want. an eg is spandex combined with cotton and polyester to make leggings/skins.**


 * Soaps and detergents**
 * these are chemical that are used for cleaning - they dissolve grease**
 * They have the physical properties of feeling slippery, solids or liquids, can be colourful**
 * They have the chemical properties of ; dissolve grease, biodegradable,**


 * Physical properties - we use our senses to detect these (hard, soft, smell, colour, slippery etc)**
 * Chemical properties - the thing the chemical can do- the way it reacts with other chemicals- ( acids are sour and corrosive) (Metals react with acids to produce hydrogen gas)**


 * PLastics as packaging**
 * Is the packaging recyclable? - can be remelted and turned into another product eg cup
 * Is the packaging biodegradable? - it is broken down by nature - sunlight, oxygen, weak acidic water

=Designing an experiment to investigate corrosion in different metals and under different conditions= 1. the variables are - air, water, salt water, acid, 2. the control is oil

If a metal corrodes I would expect to see___colour change, going dull no longer shiny__ _ __I would see a difference if I compared this metal to__ a piece of the same metal that is not exposed to the variable ; air, water, sea water, ___

Draw a diagram of the set up - label all the parts

How will you record your observations?

|| today..DAY 0.. || next week DAY 8 || today..DAY 0.. || next week DAY 8 || today..DAY 0.. || <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #0000ff; display: block; text-align: center; vertical-align: sub;">next week DAY 8 || <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #0000ff; display: block; text-align: center; vertical-align: sub;"><span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #0000ff; display: block; text-align: center; vertical-align: sub;">today..DAY 0.. || <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #0000ff; display: block; text-align: center; vertical-align: sub;"><span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #0000ff; display: block; text-align: center; vertical-align: sub;">next week DAY 8 ||
 * ~  ||~   ||~   ||~   ||~ // Solutions // ||~   ||~   ||~   ||~   ||~   ||~   ||
 * ~  ||~ //air// ||~ //air// ||~ //water// ||~ //water// ||~ //salt water// ||~ //salt water// ||~ //acid// ||~ //acid// ||~ //oil// ||~ //oil// ||
 * //** Metal **// || <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #0000ff; display: block; text-align: center; vertical-align: sub;">today.. <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #0000ff; display: block; text-align: center; vertical-align: sub;">DAY 0.. || <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #0000ff; display: block; text-align: center; vertical-align: sub;">next week <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #0000ff; display: block; text-align: center; vertical-align: sub;">DAY 8
 * copper ||  || y - not as shiny ||   || nc ||   || y cloudy ||   || dissolved ||   || nc ||
 * zinc ||  || y - parts were not as shiny ||   || y, cloudy ||   || y white ||   || y ||   || nc ||
 * iron ||  || y - rusted ||   || y, rusty ||   || y cloudy/rusty ||   || y ||   || nc ||
 * Magnesium || nc || y - not as shiny gets dull ||  || y cloudy and broken ||   || y broken and sediment || bubbles || y ||   || nc ||

=Design an experiment to identify which substance gives out the most heat when it is burnt.=

the variables are: the things we will make sure are the same between all the substances we test are are the control is

The equipment will be set up like this (diagram 5 lines high)

To measure the heat given off we will .....measure the increase in temperature of 5 mLs of water

Results Table
 * Fuel || mass of fuel || mass of fuel after burning || mass of fuel that was burnt || starting temp of the 5mLs of water || temp of water after the fuel has gone out || Total increase of temperature ||
 * paper ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * tissue ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * stick ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * substance x || 1.2g || 0.5g || 0.7g || 18 C || 28 c || 10 C ||
 * substance y || 3.4g || 3.1g || 0.3 || 20 C || 23 C || 3 C ||

hmwk ques 1 and 2 p 278
 * Final results ||  ||
 * Fuel || temp increase per gram ||
 * paper ||  ||
 * tissue ||  ||
 * stick ||  ||
 * substance X || 14.4 / g ||
 * Substance Y || 10 C/g ||

3 / 0.3 = 10 C/g

Find three more fuels that you predict are the best fuels -that is highest temperature per gram What do they use as fuel in africa or qatar