A+world+of+machines


 * 2013 Year 7 //__A world of Machines__ Chapter 9// **

Could robots take the place of teachers? |||| NAME: || 9.1 As simple as a spoon page 297 9.2 Hard as nails page 297 9.3 Pushing your barrow page 299 9.4 Get a load of this page 299 || Understanding & Inquiring page 301 Q’s 1-6 & Choose one of the following Q’s 7-13 and report your answer to the class || ** Words to Learn ** Levers, fulcrum, load, effort, first class, second class, third class levers, force multipliers, mechanical advantage, speed multipliers || 9.6 Inclined planes on the move page 303 || Understanding & Inquiring Page303 Q’s 1-4 || ** Words to Learn ** Inclined plane, ramp, wedge, screw, thread, pitch || 9.9 Lifting a load page 306 || Understanding & Inquiring page 307 Q’s 1-6 || ** Words to Learn ** Wheel and axle, pulley (single and double), block and tackle, newtons, spring balance, mechanical advantage || page 309 Q’s 1-4 Research Q 5 – how many devices can you list? || ** Words to Learn ** Gear (driving, driven), teeth || page 313 Q’ 1-9 || ** Words to Learn ** Compound machine, robot || Balancing levers using distance and mass a load of 10 kg a distance of 2 metres from the fulcrum will balance an effort of 5kg 4 metres from the fulcrum.
 * ** Key Concepts ** ||  ||||   ||
 * How do levers, inclined planes, wheels and axles, gears and pulleys help makes our life easier?
 * || ** Science Quest 7 **
 * // TEXTBOOK //** |||| ** SCIENCE Quest 7 ****// PRACTICALS / ACTIVITIES //** || ** SCIENCE Quest 7 **
 * // HOMEWORK //** || ** OTHER ACTIVITIES/RESOURCES ** ||
 * 1 || ** 9.1 A helping Hand - ** levers |||| Suggestions:
 * 2 || ** 9.2 Pushing uphill – ** inclined planes |||| 9.5 Inclined to make it easier page 302
 * 3 || ** 9.3 Wheels and axels in a spin - ** pulleys |||| 9.7 Getting a handle on wheels and axles page 304
 * 4 || ** 9.4 Getting into Gear - ** gears |||| 9.10 Looking at gears page 308 || Understanding & Inquiring
 * 5 || ** 9.5 Compound machines - ** robots |||| Research – in pairs choose one question from page 313 Q’s 13-16 || Understanding & Inquiring

a load of 20 kg 1 metre from the fulcrum will balance an effort of 10kg 2 metres from the fulcrum

a load of 30kg 2m from the fulcrum is balanced by an effort of 15kg 4m from the fulcrum

what is the pattern? Write it as a number sentence or algebraically.

Load x distance to F = distance to the effort x effort

=Simple machines= 1. **Levers** These are a bar which have effort at one end and load at the other. In the middle (usually) is the fulcrum.

a ramp is an inclined plane it allows you to lift loads by gradually moving up the slope. Other examples include - blade, screw (inclined plane wrapped around an axle). Wedge, axe head, spade,
 * 2. Inclined planes**

In some ways a wheel and axle is like lots of levers joined together around a central fulcrum. The outer edge of the wheel acts as a force multiplier when the effort is applied here. We use wheels as force multipliers when we are turning a door knob or using a screw driver to take out a screw.
 * 3. Wheels and axles**

The edge closest to the axle will act as a speed multiplier when force is applied here. The edge furthest from the axle turns faster than the axle.

Pulleys are a good example of wheels and axles A pulley used by itself can alter the direction the effort moves. This means instead of lifting a load up by bending over it and lifting we could use a pulley and pull down to lift the load up.
 * Examples of wheels and axles.**

Pulleys can offer a mechanical advantage. If we use 2 pulleys there is a mechanical advantage of 2. This means if a load exerts a force of 100N we could lift it with a 2 pulley system by applying an effort force of 50N.

In a 2 pulley system the load will move10cm the effort will move 20cm.

In a 4 pulley system the mechanical advantage is 4. If the load is 100N what effort is required to move the load ? _ If the load moves 10cm how far will the effort move ? ___

Gears Gears are another example of wheels and axles. This time the wheels have teeth. They are usefull because the teeth of one gear interlock with the teeth of another gear.

We use gears to move very heavy loads. Its easier to turn a big wheel than a little wheel. This is a force multiplier When a small wheel turns quickly the big gear is turned at a medium pace. This is a speed multilpier

Gear questions page 309 Questions 1 to 5

Mechanical advantage and wheels


 * Pulleys**

Single pulley only changes the direction of the force of effort. So if the load was 500g it would require 5 N to lift it straight off the ground or 5 N using 1 single Pulley pulling it down A 2 pulley system will halve the amount of effort required to lift a load- therefore 500g will require half the normal effort of 5N ie only 2.5 Newtons to move the load a 4 pulley system will quarter the amount of effort required to lift a load. Therefore a load of 400g would normally require 4 N to lift it but with a four pulley system it would require only 1N to lift the 400g

The shallower the slope of an inclined plane the less force required tto move the load. BUT the longer the load must be dragged to move it to the desired height.
 * Inclined Planes**

Compound Machines examples.

Your task is to design a compound machine that will _______________ It must use at least 3 simple machines - this means it might use different classes of levers combined with a pulley system OR gears and pulleys and wheels and levers etc

You Do It
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 * Build a Lever - See how simple machines like a lever can help us do work.
 * Build a Roller Coaster - Learn about energy as you send a marble through a roller coaster that you design.
 * Make & Fly a Helicopter - See how changing the paper helicopter's shape or weight affects its flight.
 * Build a Wind Turbine -
 * Straw Bridges - Design, build and test model bridges as you determine how shapes affect the strength of structures.
 * Under Siege - Build a mini trebuchet out of household objects and basic craft supplies in this experiment on using levers. Keep modifying your construction so that you can hurl an object farther and farther. Learn about the principles that make Class 1 levers such incredibly efficient machines in this classroom experiment.

Virtual Simple & Compound Machines

 * "Twitch" Game - There are spare robot parts all over the Museum. It's the job of Twitch to go and collect them. It's up to you and Twitch to use found objects to create simple machines, devices that will help him solve challenges with a minimum of force, collect the parts and stay out of trouble.


 * Robot Factory - Become factory boss with Crash and build robots to help him accomplish his tasks. Learn about wheels and levers and how to use simple machines to create a successful robot factory.
 * Medieval Levers - Catapult yourself to victory in this medieval game for kids. Use the trebuchet to fling projectiles of different masses and varying the force. Launch projectiles and destroy the castle with your catapult, all in the name of science!
 * Forces of Wonder - Test your strength as the mighty Stronginsky. Apply the forces of compression, tension, torsion and shearing to amaze the crowd. Then try //**this**//.
 * Bridges - It’s time to design your own bridge. You will need to take in to consideration all the loads and forces acting on the bridge. Consider the span you must cover and the load your bridge must carry when choosing the best bridge design, but that’s not all, once you choose your bridge you must decide if it needs anything extra in the design to make it stable.